The formation of the volcano crater

Volcano Crater is a volcanic feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption, as in Indonesia, Lake Toba, a native of ancient volcanic eruptions millions of years ago, the crater is often confused with the Crater of Mount intention Apivulkanik, Volcano Crater word derived from the Spanish language, which means pot.

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Crater of the volcano due to the eruption

If the magma containing a large amount of silica, while generally consists crater of the volcano, overlaps, tuff, rhyolite, and other igneous rocks. Magma containing silica has a high viscosity, so that it can not flow easily because of gas - gas is trapped by the high pressure in the magma. When the magma began to approach the surface of the Earth, the exclusion of this load faster than many hardware, it puts pressure trapped gas is rapidly reduced and result in a devastating eruption of magma and spreading volcanic ash It occurs in a wide area. The lava from an erupting volcano crater called A'a the Hawaiian language.

If the volcanic activity continues, the central part of the caldera to rise and form a new dome as seen in the Cerro Galan, Lake Toba, Yellowstone, and many others, following the release caused by magma . A boiler is rich in silica and formed a new dome could erupt hundreds or even thousands of cubic kilometers of material at a time there was a rash, rash kecilpun same boiler could be as Krakatoa in 1883 or Mount Pinatubo 1991 and has caused damage around and lower the air temperature recorded on the surface of the Earth is not exceptional, the largest crater of the volcano is likely to lead to even more powerful.

When ApiYellowstone crater last erupted about 640,000 years ago, regardless of the material to about 1,000 cubic kilometers in size dense rock equivalent (DRE)), shut down large parts of North America up to 2 meters dust and the impact of volcanic material from the eruption. For comparison, when Mount Helens erupted in 1980, the release of about 1.2 cubic kilometers (ERD). The ecological impact of the eruption of the caldera can be seen from the record of the eruption of Lake Toba in Indonesia.


Volcano crater not caused due to the eruption

Some volcanoes, like a shield volcano Kilauea and Mauna Loa (respectively the largest and most active on Earth, both on the island of Hawaii, the crater of the volcano formed with different models flowing Magma both the volcano . It is based on silica content is low. As a result of magma is not too thick comparing rhyolite magma volcanoes and magma pockets empty because the lava flows that because of the eruption. The result is known susutan like a crater volcano caldera was formed, gradually including in the crater of a volcano because of the eruption. Volcano Crater such as Fernandina island collapsed in 1968 when most of the crater of the volcano base 350 meters away. [ 3] volcano Kilauea Crater has a deep crater known as Halema 'uma'u, which is usually filled with a lava lake. Taburiente Crater Volcano and stew, both on the island of La Palma (Canary Islands), Volcano Crater is empty because the lava flow about 500,000 years ago.

The formation of the volcano crater

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